Common Sleep Disorders: When Bad Sleep Isn't Just Bad Habits

Not all sleep problems are lifestyle issues. Insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs, and narcolepsy require different approaches. Know when to see a doctor.

When to Suspect a Sleep Disorder

If you've optimized your sleep hygiene but still struggle, you may have an underlying sleep disorder. Here are the most common ones:

Insomnia Disorder

Difficulty falling or staying asleep, 3+ nights per week, for 3+ months. Treatment: CBT-I (first line), sometimes short-term medication.

Sleep Apnea

Breathing stops repeatedly during sleep. Signs: loud snoring, gasping, morning headaches, excessive daytime sleepiness. Affects 25% of men, 10% of women. Treatment: CPAP, oral appliances, weight loss.

Restless Legs Syndrome

Uncomfortable urge to move legs, worse at night. Often linked to iron deficiency or dopamine dysfunction. Treatment: iron supplementation, dopamine agonists.

Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Your internal clock is misaligned with social demands. Delayed Sleep Phase (night owls) is most common. Treatment: light therapy, melatonin timing, gradual schedule shifts.

Getting Diagnosed

A sleep study (polysomnography) is the gold standard for diagnosis. Many can now be done at home for convenience.